The knee consists of two major joints: the tibiofemoral joint – the main hinge joint of the knee, and the patellofemoral joint – which acts as a pulley mechanism to allow for the smooth transition of knee extension to flexion. To achieve this, the patella...
Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. The brain has the consistency of gelatin. It’s cushioned from everyday jolts and bumps by cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull. A...
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is the compression of neurovascular structures as they pass through the cervicothoracobrachial region. The term ‘TOS’ is a generic term that does not specifically identify the structure being compressed. There are two categories of TOS:...
There are many structures that can be irritated in the lower back that result in pain without any major mechanism of injury or incident. The most simple form of lower back pain comes from overloading the back musculature. This can occur by holding postural positions...
Anatomy: FemoroAcetabular Impingement (FAI) is a hip condition that is characterised by pain with hip motion as a result of premature contact between the femur (thigh bone) and acetabulum (hip socket). The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, which enables a large...
Ligaments are short, tough, flexible bands of tissue that hold together two bones in a joint. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (or ACL) is an important ligament that is structurally integral to the knee joint. Primarily it prevents the tibia (shin bone) from translating...
